Audio recorded at Buddha House Adelaide. Transcript auto-generated and AI-corrected; may contain errors.
About this talk. Correcting spellings and reorganising passages in real time, Khensur Rinpoche works through his personal memoir in this 60-minute session with an interviewer. The material under review covers his flight from Tibet through Tawang to the refugee camp at Missamari — Indian soldiers escorting the group in relays, Tibetans fainting in queues under fierce sun, a fur-lined brocade robe sold for Tibetan silver coins. The session then turns to Buxa: a humid, triangular valley with poisonous trees that raised sores on skin and where tuberculosis spread widely among monks. Rinpoche describes examination days there in close detail — pre-dawn Prajñāpāramitā recitations during morning puja, full-day debate sessions ranging across Vinaya, Abhidharma, and the Middle Way, assessed by a panel of abbots and a government lama, the schedule running nearly 6am to 11pm. He placed second overall.
File metadata (for organising)
File: 60 RS 1991 09 16.mp3
UUID: af11b195-4305-4320-b918-117f04e1696b
Teacher: Khensur Rinpoche
Collection: Rinpoche's Story (Khensur Rinpoche)
Date: 1991-09-16
Recorded at: Buddha House Adelaide
Duration: 60.2 minutes
Words: ~6,690
Wednesday the sixteenth of September nineteen ninety two. Tape Three continuation of talks with Rinpoche. Yes. Probably they were the first to cross. It’s page twenty three.
One of the office. They’re the same office. Officer? Yeah. The same soldier?
Yes. Same. He was the one in charge, was he? Yeah. One of the officer working.
Soldier. The Indian soldier office or so army office. Officer. Officer. Yeah.
Page twenty four. Work and takes nearly five days. But also, travel one day for one vehicle. Sorry? What?
They travel five days. Yes. And last day, someone came pick them up. Right. Karabasarwegi.
Oh, one on a truck. In a truck? In a truck. They went to one day for a truck. I’ve got a feeling that’s Nearly six days.
Right. I’ve got a feeling that’s mentioned on the next page, which we’ll see. Yeah. That’s Murray. On the map, it’s Miss Murray, m I s a m a r I.
Yeah. Right. Chona? Chona. Yeah.
T r, which we Yeah. T r. Really different. It’s it’s Chinese spelling. Yeah.
It’s spelled Yeah. C o n a Yeah. From the Chinese. Right. Yeah.
I wondered about that. Zetang? To that one, what’s that called? Zetang. Zetang.
That’s the Chinese. And what was the name that he gave? T s e t a n g. Zetang. Zetang.
Right. And then, of course, there’s Samye. Samye. Samye. Just there.
Mhmm. Not far from Bassa. Yeah. And Monastery Task. On the other side.
Yeah. Doesn’t doesn’t show? No. They don’t That’s the point. When they escaped from Sera Yeah.
They did not pass through Lhasa to go down there, did they? They bypassed Lhasa? No. It’s a. Yes.
I’m looking for that too. I can’t find it. Must be in the very close. Yeah. Page twenty six.
S o n a r is t s o n a or the Chinese c o n a. Many with the fire going in Suna Suna started escaping from the area called Bangi. Bangi. Bangi. But now they started internally fighting, and the China people did scavenging through Pangjie.
Through? Yeah. And how do you spell Pangjie? P a p a n g y e. Pangjie.
Alright. Through Bungie? Yeah. And Bungie is near Indian border somewhere. Right.
Good. Good. Good. Right. Their party arrived first because, actually, people escaping through Pangjie, which is the Indian and Tibetan border.
And the Indian army, keep them there because they’re not sure whether they let them to go into India or not. Then they have to get through message from Indian government. And therefore, they kept in Pangjie, all the people. Therefore, and they went to other other part of the The border. Border, and they went to the first.
If if they don’t, like, there and if they don’t keep there, then they will be first. Because there are so many people there, captain there. Right. They’re not Indian government, not sure. And they are a soldier.
They don’t they don’t know. I wonder if that place is on the map too. Yeah. Pangui. Pangui.
I they didn’t make tents, but the Indian, they gave tents. It’s a fabric, which is sort of like army tents, you know, cotton. Oh. They’re the sort of the blue No. No.
Army tin. You know? Army tins. Army tins. They’re made of canvas?
Or They’re made actually very tough cotton. Tough cotton. Yeah. Uh-huh. Mhmm.
Right. Yeah. And when they first arrive, they get a bamboo house. After coming people, they won’t get house, then the Indian government provided fabric cotton, tough cotton. Cotton.
Good. Right. Ten. Good. Fine.
People say? People yeah. They think also they do say, you’re well off. And because they arrived first time, and they got things quite well. And they were yeah.
So the new people, they were a little envious, weren’t they? What do you mean envious? Envious. Bit jealous? Oh, no.
No. No. It’s not jealous. Well, envious the troubles are worse. Oh, no.
I didn’t tell you about that. It’s not the envious. It’s not the m b s, it’s a situation. Uh-huh. Yeah.
Okay. Page twenty seven. Can state? Yeah. D h a r g u m.
And how’s it pronounced? Dargum. Dargum. Right. Inside was woolen.
Yeah. General Snow, wasn’t also fur inside? What’s the fur? Fur. You you know?
Wool. What? Wool? Wool inside? Yeah.
And brocade. That’s sort of silk. Is it all cotton? It’s also wool. On the outside?
Yeah. Flat wool and that is you can buy buy in a somewhere in the. Can buy wool outside and also wool fur. So like Yeah. Yeah.
The wool fur is like padding. Yeah. Is it? Like the padding in that coat and overcoat. Mhmm.
Yeah. Uh-huh. Alright. Yeah. So?
Town is not not Missamari. It’s in the town. I think I’m. Okay. Tawang is before Missamari.
And do you this this I think I selling of the coat. The coat. Well, he yeah. He’s has a a. This is in a tower.
Right. Yeah. So that episode about selling the cloak Yeah. That should be moved back and included Down. Time they were in Tawang.
Also that situation, they sell those things also in Tawang. Meeting the new arrivals and their opinions. That’s also in Tawang. Right. Good.
It’s red. It’s one of fabric. It’s very expensive one, and we call it gooey chain, g o e, chain, c h e n. Mhmm. Yeah.
Outside that, red curtain and inside Woah. Yeah. Oh, oh, what about this color yellow then, Jim? Yeah. No.
I think that’s wrong. Not yellow. It’s it’s not yellow. It’s red. Red.
Yeah. Red. Okay. I think someone can. So we said twenty five or thirty silver coin with a Tibetan they call Tanga.
You know how that’s spelled? Tanga, t a n g. Y, Tanga. Y. Tanga.
Tango. Tango. G. G. K h a r p o, cargo.
Two separate words? Yeah. Tango. Tango. G a.
G a. Yeah. Tanga Kabo. T a n g a. Yeah.
Right. Which is a silver white silver coin. White silver. White silver. Yeah.
Is that a Tibetan or a Chinese coin? It’s Tibetan. Regular. Yeah. Yes.
Yeah. Right. Missamari. Hundred people list are going to send the Missamari. They arrive first.
They have to go first hundred person to go to the Missamari. Right. And how quickly were they sending them all? Mean, Come on. Sorry?
They have to go work. They’re now going to Missamari. Oh. That’s in a. They have they live in a.
Now they’re going to work through Missamari. To walk? Yeah. Five day and one day. No.
Try. Alright. And this actually go up to up there. That Tawang. Now this situation on page twenty seven is all all happening around Tawang.
Yeah. Also, they’re selling. This business of selling the fur is also at Tawang, so the sequence has to be rearranged. They They came with a few soldiers because when they pass one soldier, they took with them a next soldier, pass them on next soldier, then work little while, then they pass other soldier, and then they can finally arrive in. The soldiers accompany them?
So like company and they pass them. Bodyguards? So. Guards. Just to watch them.
To grab. Yeah. Right. Many soldiers? Two or three?
Yeah. Five five five soldiers. Uh-huh. Right. Cool.
Cool. Just check this hundred people. Mhmm. Keep going. Sure.
Well, they would have been well behaved. Oh, no. I mean, they might be loose, and then some of it, they might be harmed by. Like, it lost in the way? Yeah.
Yeah. That’s it was told before. There’s no road at all Oh. To vehicle. Right.
And that’s so where did the vehicle start picking them up? They’ve left Tawang on foot. Yeah. Nearly Nearly at? Nearly Missamari.
Ah. Because they have road. Right. Then they went to one day traveling in a truck. To Buxa?
To Missamari. Oh, Missamari. Yeah. This place Buxa isn’t we don’t come to it. That’s yet in the story, do we?
No. Right. Yes. Yes. Yes.
The the shelters were built by by the government. To page twenty eight. On the And they come directly from Bhutan to. They came actually in Buxa, not Missamari. Where is this?
For the Bhutan when people arrive from Bhutan, came straight to Buxa? Directly to Buxa, not to Missamari. No. So what these hang on. These bamboo shelters, they were at Missamari.
Yeah. Oh, so that’s separate. The groups that came from Tibet through Bhutan, that paragraph from page twenty eight should belong to the section about Buxa. Yeah. Right.
Buxa. That’s not in Missamari. This business of the coming from through Bhutan. Yeah. The bamboo houses there in the In the Missamari.
Right. That business is in the Buxa. Mhmm. But that section is looks like Missamari. The section of walking on the hot sand is Missamari.
Yeah. But the other part is sounds like it’s in Buxa. Yeah. Right. That business is on Buxa.
Buxa? But second paragraph is in Missamari. They’re hot. Hot feet? Yeah.
Hot feet in Missamari. Yeah. But the groups coming through Bhutan is in Buxa. Yeah. Right.
Okay. Now hot feet, did Rinpoche himself experience that? It’s very hot. You can if you put a liver egg in the outside, it will cook. And some people, they become dizzy and fall down and have to put in cold water.
And that’s Do they put all the all the body in the cold water? Or No. Just on the head. Just the head? Yeah.
Oh. People some some people, they get have to get food from Indian government. They were while they were cue, people will fall down. Oh. And people because it’s too hot, and they have to put water on their head.
Like a cloth? Cloth of water? A wet cloth? No. No.
Just just a of Right. Right. Yeah. And that’s we’re getting They they didn’t give animal. Enamel.
Right? Enamel marks. They give aluminum mark. Aluminum mark. Right.
Yeah. And I think dependencies. One representative of hundred person Mhmm. And get a queue and to get all the food supplies. Right.
I think it’s depending how many groups in your house that yeah. So on other occasions, that means on other occasions, people queued up and just got them individually as well sometimes. Yeah. If you I don’t think so individually because most of them come a group. So is that representative.
Yeah. Representatives. Right. Good. I’ll try to finish this page, and then we should stop.
Mhmm. There’s something Yeah. You see, in it doesn’t mean Lhasa person. Person. In Lhasa, they have so many other part of Tibetan people.
Right. For example, Rinpoche, they’re all not in Lhasa. They’re all gonna come, but they have to come through in Lhasa because they live in a near Lhasa. Right. And yeah.
Okay. Well, that good. Now and they follow the same route that Rinpoche talked. Yeah. It’s not a massive coming through the Rumitius route.
There are so many other parts of the road, and there are people many other routes in India. And then people travel a different way. Right. They must have some people come through that premises. Yeah.
So Chen’s asked, was Missamari one of many settlements like like I mean, like that? One of many settlements? They are one they set up settlement near the Missamari, not far from Missamari with the big settlements. Right. There’s a Yeah.
Okay. Right. There were not many other settlements like that. I’m not sure. Right.
Okay. Brings us to page twenty nine. We’ll stop at the top of this page. Wednesday, the twenty of September nineteen ninety two. It’s a Sikim and Bomdila.
What’s that Bomdila. Bomdila. Yeah. Yes. Bomdila and Sikkim.
Mhmm. Yeah. That’s India. Those are the other two places. Yeah.
And how how do you spell low? I think it’s l Lolo. L o. L o? Yeah.
Where is where was where is Los is the cars. Yeah. I cut my neck hole and in between something. Right. Right.
Okay. Good. Read the Tibetan? I think they have a written what the Tibetans send. When when did they send I’m not sure what the book called.
Yeah. One book. Mhmm. All you can find was the Tibetan when Tibetan arrived. Right.
About the Tibetan settlements. Yeah. Right. And where did where did they send and what what for working or different. Right.
That’s what Rinpoche was just saying. Yeah. Right. Yes. Actually, they are one book.
Right. Okay. To page twenty nine. Yeah. Yeah.
He saw He saw them. And some of these animals, though, were they dead? Were they dead? Mhmm. Right.
And they would have been dead from exhaustion, wouldn’t they? Oh, I don’t know. Oh, don’t know. Right. Page twenty thirty.
That’s been covered already, the allowance of rice, sugar, and tea in the distribution. Five days and one day for the truck. That’s been covered. Falling down in the queue, we covered last week. On to page thirty one.
We covered fainting in the sun. Right. Sorry? We covered, you know, when they were standing in the queue, fainting fainting in the sun. It was a person and and quite distinct from the male business.
Casting the male is different again, isn’t it? No. It’s it’s not a cousin. It’s a person’s Right. Okay.
Good. Place of day’s journey, that was loca. Hang on. The Direct? It’s in Loka.
It was in Loka. Yeah. Right. And now we get this this incident about the the gun being cleaned and firing. Yeah.
This from the Chinese. Yeah. Actually, his story story is not Rumicha’s involved. Rumicha’s someone or group Mhmm. They had happened that sort of this was There’s there’s a not Not not an eyewitness account from.
A group. It’s a different group. Some he’s talking someone some other group. This is this happened to some other group. Yes.
Right. Yeah. Good. Good. Yeah.
Pan? Panjour. Mhmm. P a n g o r. Yeah.
Right. Was he was the same country as Tenzin as yourself. Yeah. Is that correct? Yes.
What country was that? Taip. Pardon? Taip. How would you spell that?
D a, wa, a b. Ah, what part of Tibet is that? East. Country. East.
What part of Tibet? East, Tibet. East. Is that in Cannes as well? Yeah.
Uh-huh. Uh-huh. Very close to Deje? Or Near yeah. Court close.
No? Yeah. Or Cham? Chamdo? Chamdo or Deje?
Darge is close. Darge is close. Not Darge Gompa. No. Deje.
Derge. No. No. Is further. Ah, so you’re you’re saying?
Yeah. Yeah. Right. Thanks. Yeah.
It’s more closer. To where your Yeah. Country or to where is? Yeah. Alright.
Okay. H a. Oh, can s? H a. Yeah.
Yeah. That’s it. No. No. No.
Just sha. No. No. No. Kama.
Karmash? Kama sha. Can you spell? K a m M. M a s h a.
Kamesha. Kamesha. Right. That is that a protective date? Yeah.
Right. Afternoon. Five o’clock in the afternoon. Yeah. Good.
A hundred Tibetans trying to escape from the Chinese. Yeah. Alright. So it’s Tibetans. She wants a hardship example for hardship.
Yeah. What for instance, I think, what sort of colleges was suffered most? All all Any within the three different monastery. Mhmm. This is in Sera, Drepung, Ganden.
Mhmm. All the monastery, a few of monks, they have happened. That’s the experience. Right. And hardship is actually for example, hardship is not food, not not enough food.
Know? Being being beaten by the Chinese. Yeah. Totally. All the Chinese done everything.
This is what Rinpoche was saying? Yeah. When he was gesturing like that, what did he mean? Oh, you know, Chinese shooting and, you know, all the all the what Chinese done agenda started. When Rinpoche is doing this I don’t know what to do.
Oh, that’s nice. Oh. Uh-huh. Alright. Okay.
H e t e t e o h o r. No. It’s just not right there. T I g. T e o.
T o. Yeah. And that what is Tao? Tao is the one of the district in a what they call it? No.
No. And this word came Kamsin. Yeah. Teowo Kamsin. Teowo Kamsin.
Yeah. This actually happened to me. I see. Teowo Kamsin. And that means Teoho district?
Yeah. Teoho, Teoho district. District. Kamzin means the word for district? Yeah.
Kamzin and Teoho Kamzin is the same word. You have to write. Oh, Teoho. It’s either Teoho or it’s Kamzin. No.
No. Teoho Kamzin. One word? Yeah. One long word.
Mhmm. How would you spell it? We got teo, t e o t o. Yeah. Compton.
K. K a n t s e n. All one word? Yeah. Teo.
Teo comes in. Alright. Okay. Alright. So Mhmm.
Kamaksha is one of the protector of Sera Monastery Mhmm. And also one of the Teokansen’s protector deity. And when they ask him, and he just say, yeah, he’s better flee. And the number of people there would have been many more monks Yeah. In Tibet.
Each comes in, they have different protector Mhmm. Deities. Right. And therefore, duo comes in is their protector is a kamusha, and therefore, I think duo people, they flee. I see.
So so but this part now of only two or three monks had escaped. Is that is that correct? There only a few monks escaped into India. When the Tibetans arrived in India, see, most districts. Is it Not one or two.
Not yeah. Where is it? Here. Yeah. Only two or three monks.
Yeah. Only not only two or three. Is there more than that? Many more. Yeah.
What? Yeah. Not all that are district or country, and only the it’s not one or two. It’s more than that. Not the not the whole population, but much more Yeah.
Much more. Than that. Well, Grinch, I have any idea here. How many Thirteen, fourteen, twenty. Right.
And what and what would they be? Five. And that average, what would be the numbers back in Tibet of those houses? I mean, it comes in the, like, comes in comes in so many population in in Tibet. Mhmm.
And there are few people in in India. Right. And they comes in they would have roughly how many numbers? In Tibet. In the region.
Yeah. Oh. One comes in, which is called Hamdong Kamzin. Have half of the Sera Je population is their Kamzin in Tibet. Right.
Well, this run into a number of hundreds of people. Oh, yeah. And what was it? How would you spell the name that you just said? You don’t need that.
Well, we can add it now to this, is it? Yeah. Hamptong. Mhmm. H a n d o n system Mhmm.
There are very few monks. Oh, so this last paragraph on page thirty three refers to being in Buxa. Yeah. Right. Okay.
Good. It’s in Tibet. The but Rumich is talking about when they arrive in the Buxa Yes. There are very few people. Right.
So that mention of very few people in this paragraph probably is referring to Buxa. Yeah. Right. Okay. Top of page one of the section study and life in India.
Into the Masamui. Is repeated, I think, repetition. One month in Masamui? Yeah. Followed by this is all repeated.
Repetition. It was about now we transferred to a truck which took us further up the mountain. It was about an hour’s ride. Tawang to Missamari. So this is different again.
This is Missamari to Buxa. Missamari to Buxa. So so is this right then? One month in Missamari, three days to Buxa. No.
No. No. It took three days to Buxa Right. In a train. Right.
And then about an hour’s ride. An hour’s ride? Yeah. And that was that on a truck? Yeah.
Right. Good. Yeah. There are no road for tracks in any way. So was there a narrow path or something to work?
Sort of like yeah. Yeah. Jango. Yeah. Right.
I see. These moves to Dalhousie and to other places later on. Were these organized by by the Indian government Yeah. Or or by the Tibetan government in exile? Tibetan and Indian government Together.
Together. What’s the government Also, amongst some amongst asking, they need some more cool place. Uh-huh. And and Indian government and Tibetan government. They chose only one town from Buxa, and they only did once in Buxa and also other area from India.
Yeah. We covered a bit of that, didn’t So the Tibetan government in exile Yeah. Had already been formed by the state, had it? Oh, yes. Yeah.
Right. Yeah. There’s actually, they sent Buxa and also Missamari. Yeah. The what?
No. See. Indian Tibetan government, they sent from Missamari and also Buxa. Right. Yeah.
Both of them. I see. Okay. Side two, type three. Uh-huh.
Yeah. Right. Nuns. Sorry? There are nuns.
There are nuns. And they stayed they were there too in in Buxa? Yeah. That’s all the nuns. A big component of?
All the sects, different sects. Including nuns? Including nuns. Yeah. Right.
It’s not strange because they don’t have. And if they have, they will wear. Right. If they don’t have, they’ll call it. So it’s not a no special cause of embarrassment when you’re talking about it?
No. Because it’s not exist. Clothes does not exist. The the robes. Yeah.
Yeah. I see. Right. Jerome is the prisoner political prisoner around that area, and, also, there’s all the high Indian politicians. Were they still there when when No.
No. No. There’s the bin already. In the history? History.
Yeah. Because during The Buddhas invent, India. Yeah. Yeah. Also Gandhiji and Nehru.
Oh, they were there as well? Yeah. Mhmm. Right. When when there is so, like, a valley, you have to go through like that and go like and it’s just run like that.
Mhmm. And it’s it looks like very nice. It’s a forest green and quite nice. But it’s very hot and very humid. So, like, very hot.
And our all the all the tree are very nearly a tree a lot of trees are poisoning tree. Mhmm. And when the people drink water Mhmm. A lot of people get sick to get their soul and Mhmm. To go close, things like that.
Right. And the place itself is not really good place because it’s sort of like triangle shape. So, like Uh-huh. Very funny. Right.
And what they don’t is the does the triangle shape have a a bad what’s the No. No. No. In Tibet? Oh, yeah.
They are symbol, but it’s not that case. It’s not a bad symbol. Yeah. It’s just the shape is placed actually, area is shaped. It looks like triangle.
Uh-huh. It’s not yeah. So So that made them feel closed in like it says here. Is that right? Made them feel closed in.
Yeah. So when it says here it did not have a very good view, I’m wondering what is meant there. Yeah. It’s not real because it’s a forest. Yes.
You could see. Yeah. You can’t see much. And the forest was in the the triangle. Yeah.
Closed in triangular area. Yeah. So there was too much you could not see through the forest. Is that right? Actually, in the middle They were they’re in the middle of the forest where where the buildings were?
Yeah. Right. I see. Okay. Very extremely hot.
Mhmm. It’s very strange hot. And because they were in the middle of the mountain and forest. So Jen had it written here, it was fairly high up. Yeah.
But it wasn’t Yeah. It’s too high. Yeah. Not too high. Then there have been so many monks had tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis? Yeah. Uh-huh. Right. What sort of poison?
What sort of you don’t know. What a three poisons, but it is when you cut a tree Yeah. It will soak up like milk. Yeah. If you got that milk on your body, it gets very burned.
They have plants like that here in Australia in the north. Yeah. Were these very high trees, or were they small? She she knows the chimbora. She knew it.
A number. Yeah. All variety. All varieties. What very big ones or just what we call bushings?
Big, small, medium. Oh, right. I see. And what what does Rinpoche remember the names of any of these? They were not They would not have been known by Tibetans.
No. I see. Eleven years. Eleven years, not eight years. Okay.
And this is also a bit repeating about the poison water. Jen wants to know and the heat. Did Rinpoche himself ever get sick in in any of those ways? Sorry? You got many sores Yeah.
On the body Yeah. On the body. That was from these trees. Yeah. And Oh, in the boxer.
In boxer. Just in boxer. Not necessarily from the poison. No. No.
I mean From the heat. They don’t know what the cause. Heat rash. Sorry. Heat.
Uh-huh. And. Oh, aside from that, was his health alright? Yeah. I’m glad that that’s true.
This is page three of the revised version. Many monks did die. They’re All sort of sickness. Right. So some of them were crying out.
What do you mean crying out? Screaming. Yeah. Would that have been those who were very sick with the tuberculosis? Or I mean, the does mean screaming as people when being Yeah.
Mentally sick, they’re screaming. Know? Right. It’s not like that. When we have a hardship, people telling each other how difficult it is.
That’s why we scream. Not scream. Doesn’t it? Sort of Sort of like grumbling or moaning or Yeah. Sort of yeah.
It’s not scream. What we But I I don’t feel very well today. Yeah. That’s I said. That’s all I you know?
Yeah. What a dreadful place this isn’t there. That’s good. The reason because Tibetans in India, but also Chinese might be have plan to take over India. Mhmm.
Yeah. What parts of India did they go? Did they Oh, Bomdila. So here where? Here.
Bomdila. How do you spell that? I can’t see. B o m d I n a. Uh-huh.
Can you see now? Yes. Yes. It says Scenic Buddhist Temple. Yeah.
And that’s in Arunachal Arunachal Pradesh. There it is. Now that’s is that marked? That’s that’s now marked as in Chinese territory, isn’t it? Sorry?
Is is it called No. No. No. That’s still India. Oh, India must have taken it back then.
Actually, Tibetan is around all those Yes. Indeed. In the previous experience. Yes. Especially in Dharmasala area.
Ah, so did the Indians actually take the Chinese, sorry, they actually took over this area then. Yeah. And they still have it today? No. No.
It’s back. Oh, I see. Yeah. I said, what’s the present day border between China and India here now? North.
Yeah. Right. I see. So at one stage, though, the Chinese have taken over that area. Yeah.
I think they camp here. Right. I see. It’s the area River Shade does pass through. Yes.
Or it is. Yeah. Okay. Oh, black. Becoming brown very much like Indian.
You’re being burnt by the sun? Yeah. And and Tibetans higher up were not burnt by the sun. No. Interesting.
Right. Kri. Kri. R. K.
R. R. Yep. K r I Mhmm. T I.
T I? Yeah. Dhammakutti. And the the name of that teaching? A a vile cognition.
Sorry? valid cognition. The Companion of cognition. Companion of I’m not sure of a companion of cognition. So we call it a valid cognition.
What’s it called? valid cognition. How would you spell? V a I l d. V a I That’s the English.
Veil? Yeah. V a I of cognition. Yeah. Veil meaning something that is hanging hanging over?
Is that? What do you mean veil? Veil. English veil. Not right about cognition.
So what No. No. It’s a right and a cognition. Not I’m not sure. Companion.
What’s the companion of it? Not companion. You’d say it should be veil. Veil of Veil of cognition? Yeah.
Oh. And veil no. One meaning one word veil is sort of something that women put over their heads to. Right? That was spelled v e I.
E I. That’s the way you spelled that bail. No. No. It did not then.
Right. That can be checked out? Yes. They’re not. Tenzin will check them, but I think that Tenzin’s got the same title written in for those.
Companion of commission and compendium of valid commission seems to be referring to the same thing. I’m trying to find where Bokksadoor is and where Shiriguri. Shiriguri. It’s south of Darjeeling. Wednesday, the seventh of October nineteen ninety two.
It’s we have to start this one beginning. Mhmm. It’s during the examination, they have a morning puja. Puja. And during the puja, we have a tea time.
And tea time, while we everybody having tea, and person who is having exam, he have to stand up on a row and have to recite in one of the root text. Was doing reciting text, which is Prajñāpāramitā. It’s a what was the term? Is we call it which is yeah. Anyhow, it’s a.
And Rinpoche was reciting that during the tea tea break. That’s the first thing. Mhmm. Okay? What is called in the para?
Parajnaparamita. Parajnaparamita. Yeah. Is this not the same as the Parajnaparamita? Yeah.
That’s right. Same. The same. Yeah. Yeah.
It’s the only his reciting root root text during that time. Well, where does this translate? Dharmakīrti’s I just have to go further, I think. Right. We have we first go this one.
I think we have to do this one Yeah. Beginning because it seems like bitter. Yeah. So the Dharmakīrti’s work comes later, doesn’t it? I think so.
Yeah. Right. Yeah. Sweet. Yeah.
So Yeah. This is Prajñāpāramitā. Right. And he’s going to recite in the morning during the tea break time. What time is that supposed be?
I think there’s around about five thirty to seven o’clock. Puja is happening at that time, and t is the middle of the puja. Round about six. Six. Alright.
Yeah. And when you finish puja, then they have to go debating examination. So, like, they have to do violent cognition or companion cognition. Companion? Yeah.
Of cognition? Yeah. And the other word was It’s same as a valid cognition. Yeah. Is it both same?
It’s both the same. Yeah. Tibetan, they’re called Namdel. Namdel. Namdel.
Namdel. How would you pronounce that? Yeah. Right. Then let’s finish.
And then we’re having this is around about eight thirty to around about eleven o’clock. Alright. And then when we finish that and have a break and go again, we’re having puja another and midday puja. And, therefore, also same as the Rumje had to do reciting, continue that root text which he started, you know, at that morning. That’s still the kampen kampen?
No. No. No. That he’s probably Prashuparamita? Yeah.
That’s right. Right. Have to continue that and finish. And then when Puja will finish around about one thirty or two o’clock, then we have start again the bed examination. It’s a parajnoparamiga and middle way study.
So mid middle way? Right. Parajnana Paramita and middle way are two subjects. If people start subject about parajnoparamita, then they have to answer that. If people start middle way study somewhere, any subject, we have many subjects midway.
Whichever they start, whichever is answer that. And then we finish around about four thirty or five o’clock. Mhmm. Then we have break and then finish. Then we have another puja.
Then he have to restarting, continue that Prajñāpāramitā routine during the tea break time. Then after that, we finished that puja maybe started the bed in evening, around six thirty or seven o’clock. Then there are different subjects, Vinaya and Abhidharma. Right. Vinaya, that’s is that the one translated here as discipline?
Yeah. Discipline. Discipline and Abhidharma. Yeah. That’s right.
Right. And then Psychology and cosmology. This after whichever people they start a subject. Vinaya, if they start Vinaya, within the Vinaya they have a different subject. Wherever wherever they start Right.
From Shepraj point in the text. Yeah. A different You take up Yeah. And here, Brahms are there. Same as Abhidhamma.
Mhmm. It goes around about eleven o’clock evening Right. Then finish. Right. That word cosmology that was put in here, Jen just wants me to check that.
Cosmology. I’m not sure exactly. Probably it’s the best found out Tibetan dictionary, techno Buddhist terminology dictionary, or other who knows the proper or who have been studying proper and also knowing English. I think that’s the best. So that was the outline.
What I suggest, actually, Jen, should write that Jamba e, one of the Australian monk who lives in saṃsāra. What’s his name? Jamba e n e. Jamba? E n e.
Probably Jen knows that. J a m p a? Jamba note. Yeah. E n e.
How do you spell the song? I’m not sure exactly. Y e n e Okay. Ene. E y e.
Okay. Yeah. Ene. Something like that? Something like that?
Yeah. Something like that. Yeah. Right. Okay.
Now this was happening during all of this that you just described was happening during the prayer festival Yeah. This one. At at at at Boxing. Yeah. This one.
Yeah. Not anywhere else? No. No. And then once you know, when did they start holding exams in Dharmasana?
Did they It’s not Dharmasana is not holding any exams. So that right. Okay. Good. Did not share.
That’s it. Pardon? Oh, there were no exams held in Dharmashan? Dharmashan, like, during the. Yeah.
Right. It’s very rough, just like a picture. Yeah. Just yeah. You know, just see it’s a friend.
Yes. But if you bring it into each subject, then they have so many different subjects within the evening now. Parajana Paramita and all these five group principles subject. Mhmm. But yeah.
We have a government. It actually gives a government. The the this is the Tibetan government in the time. Yeah. They are the ones they are the ones who give the the grade.
They’re they’re the examiners, are they? Not government government itself, but Mhmm. Each monastery, they have a abode. Yes. Basically, abode will give.
So so when Rinpoche They give a percentage, and it have to go there, and then called the government sort of stamps it all Yeah. And gives it approval. Yeah. That’s right. Mhmm.
So when Ripeshag did the Prajñāpāramitā and everything else, the people examining him, the examiners were were abbots? Oh, yes. Yeah. They are abbots. And was it a panel of abbots or one person?
Oh, no. No. No. No. There are many abbots.
They were all sitting there listening to the machine. Provided one person very high, what is it, high educated lama Right. And and plus another abbot, other monastery So there were two people? Three. Three.
Four. Four examiners. Yeah. And what? Three abbots Yeah.
And a government representative. Yeah. That’s right. Government representative, was was that a layperson? No.
No. No. It’s a lama, which is highly qualified. I see. Now when you say that it’s a lama, is is that a ranking as higher than an abbot?
The lama is the lama the same as an abbot? Not necessarily. Just sometimes it happens at abbot. Sometimes just ordinary high lama. Uh-huh.
Uh-huh. Right. Right. Okay. Rinpoche was second in the exam.
Page five. Yeah. One from Daebu, Gomang Monastery, and one from Ganden Changzehro Monastery. Sorry. What monastery?
Drepung. Yeah. Gomang Monastery. Gomang. Gomang.
How do you how do G o m a n g. G o m a n g. Not Drepung? Yeah. Drepung Drepung, they have three two monasteries, two colleges.
Oh, right. So Yeah. And Gongmang was one college Yeah. That’s right. Within the monastery.
Yeah. I see. Right. And Ganden, they have also two college. Mhmm.
And Changji. Ganden Changji. Changji. How do you spell that? J a n g Yes.
T s e. Right. Yeah. Yes. So one from Dripal.
Got one. Yeah. One from Gandhi. Gandhi. Changji.
Yeah. Right. And And the second one is one from Sera Sera Je. Sera Je. How do you spell the j e?
J e y. J e y. Yeah. And one from triple Jebondovan. Loseling, l o s.
L o s. L o s e. L o s e. L s s L L L n g. L r n g.
Yeah. L I. I. Yeah. And there are two and he says, I was a month from.
Then he says there was a third and a fourth. Mhmm. One is probably the third one is. Shazei. G a.
Ganzen Shazei. This is Changze. Ganzen Shazei. How do you spell Shazei? S h a r.
A r? Yeah. T s e. T s e. Shatzee.
Right. And the one from Devil Los Aling. For lah. For me, I’m not sure, actually, it’s the fourth or no. Oh.
They’re only third. Well alright. And then yes. Can’t remember. Right.
I need to record the names. It’s fine, isn’t it? Yes. No. No.
I think Rumichi said, yeah, we put a nan for the person. Oh, alright. Yeah. Okay. So who came first?
Gomang one is first one is Sir? Tsumjatok. Can you spell that? T s u l t I m L. M m.
M. And then children, Jyatso, j y a g y a l t s o. Right. That’s the first one. Ojin Chimbu, o o g e n.
Chimpan, c h o p h e n. Alright. That’s the first. You’re right. Right.
Right. Right. Yeah. Good. And the second one is cancel option two ten.
Cancel option two ten. Cancel option two ten. K. Right? We know we know that one.
But probably you’re missing. So Lobsang, l o b s a n g. Tundu. T. D h u t.
H u n. Drup. D u n d h u n. D r u b. Right.
Yes. Oh, the two seconds. Two seconds. Right. So and there were One third and one fourth.
I can’t remember these two. Alright. That’s alright. Okay. Did I mistake anything?
If I don’t know, it’s good. Good. The first time, it was a bit nervous, nervous, but and after that, he was very feeling very enjoyable or happy. Right. Getting more confident.
Yeah. Maybe two, three people start debating or giving question. He was a bit nervous. Then after that, then he’s no problem. Good.
Good. Okay. I got it. They won’t have any people, I mean, in a near Buxa. Mhmm.
And people have to be if they want to become monk, they have to be travel long way. Mhmm. And it’s impossible in Tibetan. It’s just settling. Yes.
And there were still there were still lay people yet to come in. Yeah. In around near the Baqsa. That’s our thing. Near.
Yes. Yeah. Because it’s impossible to get there. Perhaps for some other centers, it was a little different perhaps. Yeah, if they move around about near Tibetan settlement or where lay people settlement, it could be monks will become, because they you know, there’s all the conditions.
So the reason for sort of the generation gap first. Oh, yes. Yeah. Might call it that. Generation gap and also all the hardest time the Tibetan people have in their time.
No one is the new country. One is they don’t know what the new systems are going to be done in India. Oh, right. Right. And also financially, very difficult.
Right. Right. I might change into a new tape now because we’re right near the end of this tape.